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Nostalgia for movies as they were made in the past converges to the nostalgic exaltation of their production methods.

Only the brilliance and resourcefulness of a small minority of great filmmakers could overcome the hurdles posed by budget constraints in studio-era movies.

The veneration of the styles and production methods of low-budget movies of the studio era as the ideal aesthetic standard is misguided.

Rather than imitating the styles of studio-era movies in a bid to achieve artistic authenticity, filmmakers need to focus on inventive ideas and realistic themes.

Many existing buildings in city centers, such as Perth are being cleared to make way for modern developments. Although this is improving the visual impact of the city, it is causing difficulties in areas where there is not enough space to accommodate the expanding population.

Cities like Perth in Western Australia are experiencing rapid growth in urban development. and the current trend is to expand into surrounding regions. Although some people think this is more cost-effective than building within cities. Others believe it's having a harmful effect on the environment in these areas.

The housing shortage in Perth is being addressed by encouraging people to move to other cities in Western Australia where there is more space to develop new housing and infrastructure. This will benefit people struggling to find accommodation and also avoid having to develop on bushland.

Developers in Perth and other parts of Western Australia are suggesting that it would be better to build much-needed homes within the city center, as this would be more affordable for local people. It would also make transportation to and from jobs and shops cheaper and quicker.

The best way to exterminate mosquitoes in a high insect environment is to kill their eggs first. They lay their eggs in stagnant water, like in swamps. So draining these areas can control them.

Mosquitoes cause some problems. Sucking animal’s blood enables female mosquitoes to reproduce. Mosquitoes kill more people than any other creature on Earth and the way to control them is difficult.

Mosquitoes suck blood from various animals by a long feeder in their mouth to provide them with nourishment. So to control them, DDT, an insect killer, must be used many times to be successful.

The place that mosquitoes live is dark and mysterious and it also protects them from their predators. However, DDT, an effective way to eliminate mosquitoes, was now banned in many countries.

Consciousness is a central question for consideration in the study of psychology. The issue addresses the key question: what it is to be ourselves? It is a key question for psychology but it is one that is very difficult to explain.

While consciousness is what many people believe the study of psychology should be about, this is clearly not the case. The concepts involved are too fundamental to be addressed by just one area of study.

There are many questions for psychology to answer. However, the key issue for psychology—who am I and what do I know?—is not really a legitimate area for study at a tertiary level.

The study of consciousness really covers the same issues as the study of psychology. There is a considerable degree of overlap between who we are. what it means to be ourselves, and how we think about the world around us. But the two issues are otherwise unrelated.

The speaker talks about the use of memory in Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time and how memories are usually brought about by the taste or smell of something, in this case, a biscuit dipped in tea. So, it is the senses that provoke memories that can take us back to our childhood.

What we experience is processed by the brain into memories in three stages. First, there is the sensory input, which is momentary. This is then stored in the short-term memory. If this experience is important or meaningful to us, we will reinforce the memory, possibly by repetition, and it will then be stored in the long-term memory.

Using the writer Proust as an example, the speaker tells us how long-term memory works before going on to talk about short-term memory. Distant memories are usually involuntary and are brought to the mind by something that stimulates one of the senses. Short-term memory also requires sensory input, but it lasts only a fraction of a second.

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